Enamel hypoplasia in a child can be caused by which of the following?

Enamel hypoplasia refers to the developmental condition where there is inadequate enamel formation leading to defects in the hard outer surface of teeth. This condition can be influenced by various factors, including systemic medications taken during critical periods of dental development. Tetracycline is well-known for causing enamel hypoplasia when administered to children whose teeth are still developing, particularly during the formation of permanent teeth. The tetracycline antibiotic can bind to calcium in teeth, leading to discoloration and structural defects in the enamel.

The other antibiotics listed, while useful in various pediatric infections, do not have the same documented effect on enamel development as tetracycline. Amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, and cephalosporins do not typically interfere with enamel formation in children and are considered safe from this particular risk when prescribed. Therefore, the association of tetracycline with enamel hypoplasia is a significant factor that underscores the selective caution in its use among pediatric patients.