Vesicles and pustules on the palms, soles, and chin of a newborn, along with neutrophils, are indicative of which condition?

The presence of vesicles and pustules on the palms, soles, and chin of a newborn, accompanied by neutrophilic infiltration, is characteristic of pustular melanosis. This condition typically presents at birth and is commonly seen in newborns. The hallmark features include the formation of painless, sterile vesiculopustular lesions, predominantly located on the palms and soles.

Pustular melanosis does not have significant erythema, and the lesions can vary in appearance from vesicular to pustular. They tend to resolve spontaneously within a few days to weeks without scarring. The neutrophils observed are indicative of the inflammatory response associated with the skin eruptions but don't reflect an infection, confirming the benign nature of this condition.

Other conditions such as erythema toxicum may present with a rash also seen in newborns, but it typically involves yellow or red papules with an eosinophilic infiltrate, rather than neutrophils. Mongolian spots are a form of congenital dermal melanocytosis and do not present with vesicles or pustules; they are usually blue or gray patches. Contact dermatitis usually results from an irritant or allergen exposure, leading to rash and inflammation rather than pustules on the palms and soles