What condition is associated with pseudohermaphroditism?

Pseudohermaphroditism refers to a condition where an individual has ambiguous genitalia despite having the chromosomal sex of either male or female. Individuals with Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) are genetically male (with XY chromosomes) but exhibit female physical traits due to the body's inability to respond to androgens, the male sex hormones. As a result, external genitalia and secondary sexual characteristics develop along female lines, even though the internal reproductive structures (like testes) may be male.

This condition exemplifies the concept of pseudohermaphroditism because the individual may appear female externally but is genetically male. The distinction lies in the presence of male (or female) chromosomal structures matched with the mismatch in primary and secondary sex characteristics.

Other conditions listed, such as Turner Syndrome or Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, do not primarily illustrate this mismatch in sexual phenotype and genotype in the same way AIS does. Turner Syndrome typically results in female genitalia with ovarian dysgenesis, while Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia often leads to a virilization of females but does not create the true incongruity characterizing pseudohermaphroditism. Similarly, 5-alpha-reductase deficiency leads to males who