What condition is indicated by bilious vomiting and a corkscrew appearance of the intestine on X-ray?

Bilious vomiting combined with the characteristic corkscrew appearance of the intestine on X-ray strongly suggests midgut volvulus. This condition arises when the small intestine twists around itself and the mesentery, potentially leading to obstructed blood flow, ischemia, and severe abdominal pain. The presence of bilious vomiting indicates that the obstruction is distal to the entry of bile into the digestive tract, which aligns with the nature of midgut volvulus since it typically involves the duodenum and proximal small intestine.

The corkscrew appearance observed in imaging is a classic radiological sign indicating that the bowel has twisted, creating a distinctive pattern. This can be contrasted with other conditions like intussusception, where one segment of the intestine telescopes into another, often leading to different imaging findings and typically also presenting with a different set of symptoms.

For conditions like Hirschsprung's disease, a delay in passage of meconium and failure to thrive are more typical, and Meckel's diverticulum generally causes painless rectal bleeding or obstruction, rather than the specific vomiting and imaging findings presented here. Thus, the presentation and radiological findings point distinctly towards midgut volvulus as the most likely condition.