What infection is commonly associated with Erythema multiforme?

Erythema multiforme is commonly associated with infections caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). This condition is characterized by a distinctive rash that can appear as target-like lesions on the skin. The connection between HSV and erythema multiforme is particularly significant because the outbreak of the rash often follows a herpes infection, whether it is the first episode or recurrent. The immune-mediated reaction to the viral antigens is thought to be responsible for the skin manifestations seen in erythema multiforme.

In contrast, while other infections can lead to similar skin presentations, they are not as strongly associated with erythema multiforme as HSV. For instance, although HIV can lead to various skin lesions, it is not specifically linked to erythema multiforme as regularly as HSV. Syphilis and measles can also result in rashes, but again, they do not have the same direct association with erythema multiforme as herpes simplex does. Thus, HSV stands out as the most relevant infection in this context.