Which genetic disorder is characterized by complete androgen resistance?

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) is a condition where a person who is genetically male (XY chromosomes) is resistant to androgens, which are male hormones that play a key role in male sexual development. This resistance occurs due to mutations in the androgen receptor gene, making it impossible for the body to respond to androgens, despite the presence of these hormones.

Individuals with complete androgen insensitivity experience a female phenotype as a result. They typically have normal external female genitalia and secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast development during puberty, but have undescended testes and lack a uterus. This occurs because, although the individual has XY chromosomes and produces testosterone, their tissues cannot respond to it. Consequently, despite the male genetic makeup, the body develops along the female pathway.

The other conditions listed do involve aspects of androgen production or metabolism but do not result in complete androgen resistance. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia involves enzyme deficiencies affecting steroid hormone production but does not typically lead to complete insensitivity to androgens. 5-alpha-reductase deficiency affects the conversion of testosterone but still allows for some androgen action. Testicular Feminization Syndrome is an older term often used interchangeably with Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome, but it typically refers