Which of the following conditions can contribute to SGA status?

Small for Gestational Age (SGA) status refers to infants whose birth weight is below the 10th percentile for their gestational age. Several factors can contribute to this condition, with both maternal smoking and placental insufficiency being significant contributors.

Maternal smoking is known to negatively impact fetal growth. The chemicals in cigarettes can restrict blood flow to the placenta and disrupt the exchange of nutrients and oxygen, ultimately leading to reduced fetal growth and resulting in SGA status.

Placental insufficiency occurs when the placenta is unable to deliver adequate nutrients and oxygen to the growing fetus. This can stem from various issues, including maternal health conditions, placental abnormalities, or various environmental factors. When placental insufficiency is present, it impairs the fetus's ability to grow properly, increasing the risk of being born small for gestational age.

Thus, both maternal smoking and placental insufficiency are recognized contributors to SGA status, making the combination of these two factors a significant concern in prenatal care.